Get a sample of basalt from a Lunar Maré (the dark "seas" on the Moon) and measure it's composition

Get a sample of basalt from a Lunar Maré (the dark "seas" on the Moon) and measure it's composition.

Many samples of Lunar Maré were brought back by the Apollo missions from 1969 to 1972. You take one sample (sample # 12009) and measure its composition (for example, using X-ray fluorescence). That composition is (from Planetary Science, A Lunar Perspective, 1982) Silicon dioxide (SiO₂) = 45%, Aluminum oxide (Al₂O₃) = 8.6%, Iron oxide (FeO) = 21%, Magnesium oxide (MgO) = 11.6%, and Calcium oxide (CaO) = 9.4%. (The total does not add up to 100% because only a few components are given here for simplicity's sake).